Underground Utility Detection and Mapping Utility Solutions

The modern city is a maze of streets and alleys, buildings and obstacles. As complicated as the cities are above ground and below ground, the situation could be even more confusing: the power, telephone and fiber optic cables compete for space with water and gas, waste removal and sewage pipes. To complicate the matter further, new tools are constantly existing services installed and moved, with layers of utilities, both in and out of use dates backIn the 19th century.

For contractors excavation, utilities face buried during excavation can lead, at best, expensive delays and financial penalties or other services that are stopped in the worst case, this scenario assumes the risk of injury to workers or even death.

The contractors before the start of excavations at a site, it is therefore vital that they make every effort to identify and locate all underground services may be affected by the proposed excavation or construction to make werkzaamhedenactivities. In the first case, this is likely to involve contact with a 'service before digging. " These services collect data from utilities regarding the location of underground services and the transmission of such data - usually pay - suppliers of excavators.

While the monitoring of public utility services are a first filter condition for the contractors, are not foolproof: the maps may be incomplete or inaccurate, the utilities have been added, deleted or moved withoutinformation is transmitted. For this reason it is advisable for the excavation of the services of contractors to recruit suitably qualified and experienced with tools and a service mapping utility.

Using modern methods and techniques, such as electromagnetic detectors and systems Radiodetection of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPRS), can accurately identify a wide range of utilities including two underground metallic and nonmetallic pipes and cables. These tools canIs then mapped using a combination of traditional surveying techniques, GPS and geographic information systems (GIS) software.

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How To Install Outdoor Fiber Optic Cables In Underground Ducts And Innerducts

:: Duct/Innerduct materials and colors:

Fiber ducts are usually made from HDPE (high-density polyethylene), PVC or other compound. They are usually in black or gray. Fiber innerduct is usually orange or yellow.

:: Why usually fiber ducts and innerducts are corrugated?

Fiber ducts and innerducts are corrugated to provide the following benefits:

1. Decreasing pulling tensions during installation

2. Very flexible and can be used in installation locations where many turns are involved

3. After installation, corrugated innerduct should be left for a day to allow the innerduct to retreat back into the duct through its corrugated spring action

:: The use of pulling tape

Fiber optic cable pulling tape is preinstalled in fiber duct and innerduct in the factory. This saves significant time during the installation process. Duct and innerduct can also be pre-lubricated in the factory, thus significantly reduces pulling tensions.

:: Never bend over its minimum bend radius

Just like fiber optic cable, fiber duct and innerduct also have a minimum bend radius spec. Never ever should the duct or innerduct be bent tighter than its minimum bend radius.

:: What is supported radius?

The supported radius is the minimum bend radius when the duct is bent around a supporting structure such as in another duct or on a reel.

:: What is unsupported radius?

The unsupported radius is the minimum bend radius when the duct has no supporting structure in the bend.

:: Benefits of using fiber duct

Fiber duct protects the fiber cable and also provides an opportunity for future cable access and expansion. Fiber optic cable can be pulling into existing duct. The duct should usually be oversized to allow future cables be pulled in.

:: Benefits of using fiber innerduct

Fiber innerduct provides protection for the fiber cable from being disturbed by other companies' cable installation operation. It also provides extra protection from the environment. Or fiber innerduct can be used in old duct installation.

:: Things to keep in mind

1. Install end plugs

After the fiber optic cable is installed into a duct or innerduct, end plugs should be installed to provide a water seal. No debris should be able to enter the duct or innerduct, and watertight should always be maintained for the duct or innerduct.

2. Duct and innerduct should be properly sized for future expansion possibility

As always, planning for future expansion is crucial for real successful projects. A maximum of 40% fill ratio is a good practice to follow. The duct size should be increased for long installation lengths with many turns. A larger duct can help to reduce cable-pulling tensions. Standard duct sizes vary from 3 to 8 inch ID and innerduct sizes vary from 0.75 to 2 inch.

:: The benefit of using duct lubricant

Duct lubricant can significantly reduce the cable's coefficient of friction, thus lessening the pulling tension during cable pulling process. This is especially important in long cable duct pulls and pulls with many turns.

Duct lubricant spillage should be cleaned up as soon as possible to prevent accident since it is very slippery. Manufactures' recommended procedure for cleaning lubricant provides good instruction on how to do the cleaning.

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